人形机器人的电子系统(附录一)

JAXON\cite{1}

研发团队:JSK

硬件平台:X86_64 (4-core Core i7 2600K 3.40 GHz and 8GB memory)

通信方式:电机控制使用 多路RS422(Baud rate for data transfer is 26.7 [Mbps], effective data transfer rate which contains error correction is about 4 [Mbps]).A 6-axis force sensor communicate with “Control PC” through another PCI board. A IMU sensor communicate with “Control PC” through USB-serial conversion adapter.

控制频率:1000Hz

控制方式:位置控制

软件环境:实时linux+OpenRTM+ROS

关节分布:脚(6DOF),手(8DOF)

HRP3L-JSK\cite{2,3}

研发团队:JSK

硬件平台:后期 X86_64 (4-core Core i7 2600K 3.40 GHz and 8GB memory)

通信方式:早期\cite{2}使用 四路RS422 (控制电机与传感器),六维力使用单独的一个PCI板。/ 后期\cite{3} 使用了ethercat控制电机,然后传感器继续用串口(可能也是RS422)为了兼容它自制的控制板,ethercat被一个设备中转至电机控制板

控制频率:早期(未知)/ 后期 1000Hz

软件环境:早期实时linux(artlinux) / 后期 实时linux+OpenRTM+ROS

其他:SCHAFT Inc是JSK的

关节分布:脚(6DOF),无手

ICUB\cite{4,5}

研发团队:IIT

硬件平台:X86_64 (Intel Core 2 Duo 2.16 Ghz + 1GB DDR2-533/667 RAM)

通信方式:多路can,也可以ethernet

控制频率:大于1khz

软件环境:实时linux+YARP (也可以和ros)

控制方式:可以力矩控制

其他:CCUB

关节分布:脚(6DOF),手(7DOF)

ESCHER\cite{6}

研发团队:TREC (The Terrestrial Robotics Engineering & Controls Lab) at Virginia Tech

硬件平台:X86_64 (a quad-core i7 processor nominally operating at 3.2 GHz)

通信方式:四路can(电机与六维力)与多路RS485(舵机与传感器)与USB(九轴)等

控制频率:150Hz

软件环境:ROS(linux不知道是不是RT)

控制方式:可以力矩控制

其他:DARPA比赛 24/24 0分

关节分布:脚(6DOF),手(7DOF)

RoboSimian\cite{7}

研发团队:Jet Propulsion Laboratory

硬件平台:X86_64 (intel i7-4900MQ 2.8 GHz CPU and 16 GB of memory)

通信方式:ethercat

控制频率:1kHz(上层为串级控制,内环为1khz)

软件环境:实时linux

控制方式:位置控制

其他:DARPA比赛 5/24 7分

关节分布:每个Limb(7DOF)

WalkMan\cite{8}

研发团队:iit etc

硬件平台:X86_64 (intel i7)

通信方式:ethercat

控制频率:目前500hz 会实现到1khz

软件环境:软件环境与icub相似

控制方式:力矩控制

其他:DARPA比赛 17/24 2分

关节分布:脚(6DOF),手(7DOF)

DRC-HUBO+\cite{9,10}

研发团队:rainbow-robotics

硬件平台:X86_64 (Intel NUC i5 with SSD)

通信方式:四路can总线

控制频率: 200 Hz

软件环境:实时linux(使用xenomai)

控制方式:位置控制(很大可能)

其他:DARPA比赛 1/24 8分(KAIST) / DARPA比赛 8/24 6分(UNLV)

关节分布:脚(7DOF),手(8DOF)

THORMAN\cite{11,12}

研发团队:robotis

硬件平台:X86_64 (Intel i5 2.7 GHz quad core and 8 GB DDR3 RAM)

通信方式:多路RS485

控制频率: 100 Hz

软件环境:linux(不清楚实时)

控制方式:位置控制

其他:DARPA比赛 12/24 4分(SUN) / DARPA比赛 13/24 3分(THOR)

关节分布:脚(6DOF),手(7DOF)

valkyrie\cite{13}

研发团队:NASA JSC

硬件平台:X86_64 (i7-3615QE 2.3GHz + 16GB DDR3 1600)

通信方式:Robonet

控制频率: 1kHz

软件环境:实时linux

控制方式:力矩控制

关节分布:脚(5DOF),手(7DOF)

ACSELL\cite{14}

研发团队:Sandia Labs IHMC OSRF

硬件平台:X86_64 (i7)

通信方式:ETHERNET

控制频率: 1kHz

软件环境:实时linux + ROS

控制方式:力矩控制

软件源码:wandrr

关节分布:一共15DOF,无手

HRP-4\cite{15, 16}

研发团队:\href{http://global.kawada.jp/mechatronics/hrp4.html}{AIST KAWADA INDUSTRIES}

硬件平台:X86 (Intel® Pentium M® 1.6)

通信方式:多路can(10ch CAN IF Board)+ 一个独立的六维力控制板

控制频率: 200Hz

软件环境:实时linux + OpenRTM-aist

控制方式:位置控制

关节分布:脚(6DOF),手(7DOF)

LOLA\cite{17,18,19}

研发团队:TUM

硬件平台:X86_64 (Intel Core2 Duo Mobile, 2.33GHz)

通信方式:多路can

控制频率: 100Hz

软件环境:QNX real-time operating syste

控制方式:力矩控制

其他:具体数据见 Favot, V的毕业论文\cite{19}

关节分布:脚(7DOF),手(3DOF)

TALOS\cite{20}

研发团队:PAL-Robotics

硬件平台:X86_64 (dual i7 CPU at 2.8 GHz)

通信方式:ethercat

控制频率: 1kHz

软件环境:实时linux + ROS (并且关掉cpu的超线程 see: However, since the real-operating system used is RT-PREEMPT, only 4 CPUs are available on the control computer. They are anyway available on the computer for vision and high-level computation.)

控制方式:力矩控制

关节分布:脚(6DOF),手(7DOF)

DURUS\cite{21,22}

研发团队:AMBER LAB

硬件平台:X86_64 (Intel Core i7-3820QM processor (2.7 GHz) and 12 GB of RAM)(可能)

通信方式:ethercat

控制频率: 1kHz

软件环境:实时linux + matlab生成的实时代码

控制方式:力矩控制(欠驱动)

关节分布:脚(7DOF),无手

SAFFIR\cite{23}

研发团队:Office of Naval Research and Virginia Tech

硬件平台:X86_64 (AMD Embedded G-T56N, Dual-core 64 bit, 1.65 GHz 4 GB, DDR3, 1333 MHz)

通信方式:四路can

控制频率: 500Hz

软件环境:实时linux

控制方式:力矩控制

关节分布:脚(6DOF),手(6DOF)

ref

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{14} ACSELL

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